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On 1 January 1651, the Scots crowned Charles II at Scone. Agreeing to Presbyterian demands that he sign the National Covenant, he did so.Ĭromwell then marched north, defeated the Scots at the Battle of Dunbar on 3 September 1650, capturing part of southern Scotland. The Scots were horrified when Charles I was executed in 1649, and while England became a republic, they proclaimed his son king, and invited him to come to Scotland. His father ordered him to seek the safety of France. The eldest surviving son of Charles I, Charles was eight years old when Civil War broke out. He was found guilty and beheaded on January 30, 1649.

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Convinced that there would never be peace while the king lived, a rump of radical MPs, including Cromwell, put him on trial for treason. This 'Second Civil War' was over within a year with another royalist defeat by Parliamentarian general Oliver Cromwell. He escaped to the Isle of Wight in 1647 and encouraged discontented Scots to invade. In 1646, Charles surrendered to the Scots, who handed him over to parliament. The Royalists were defeated in 1645-1646 by a combination of parliament's alliance with the Scots and the formation of the New Model Army. Charles attempted to have five members of parliament arrested and in August 1642, raised the royal standard at Nottingham. In November 1641, tensions were raised even further with disagreements over who should command an army to suppress an uprising in Ireland. He was forced to call parliament to obtain funds to fight the Scots.

Unrest in Scotland - because Charles attempted to force a new prayer book on the country - put an end to his personal rule. At the same time, there was a crackdown on Puritans and Catholics and many emigrated to the American colonies. As Parliament was the only place he could access money officially he was forced to raise revenue by non-parliamentary means which made him increasingly unpopular. Charles dissolved parliament three times between 16. When he didn't get his way he dissolved Parliament so effectively ruled alone on a number of occasions. This was a Catholic idea and something that the Puritan’s did not like. He believed that the heads of the church should be treated with deference. He married Catholic Henrietta Maria in the first year of his reign which offended many English Protestants. He was a good linguist and a sensitive man of refined tastes spending a lot of time on the arts. Picture depicting Charles I on the scaffold in front of Whitehall, LondonĬharles was reserved (he had a stammer), self-righteous and had a high concept of royal authority, believing in the divine right of kings. The wars deeply divided people at the time, and while historians disagree about the real causes of the conflict, it is clear that Charles was not a successful ruler.

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However during his reign he carried out a series of actions which annoyed Parliament and resulted in the civil wars, first with the Scots from 1637, in Ireland from 1641, and then England (1642-). He succeeded, as the second Stuart King of Great Britain, in 1625. He became heir to the throne on the death of his brother, Prince Henry, in 1612. So who were they and what happened to them? Charles IĬharles I was born in Fife on 19 November 1600, the second son of James VI of Scotland (from 1603 also James I of England) and Anne of Denmark.

For while both were on the throne hundreds of years ago their reign came at one of the most turbulant times in British history - and even resulted in one being beheaded. However the same cannot be said for the two King Charles who preceded him. However in 2018 when asked if he would be an activist king he said: 'I'm not that stupid.'

This has led some to believe he will seek to change things under his sovereignty. He has previously been involved in political issues, especially those on environmental policies and climate change. It was confirmed shortly after the passing of Elizabeth II on Thursday that the new monarch would take the title King Charles III.Īnd as Charles begins his new role many questions are being asked about what kind of king he will be. With the death of the Queen her eldest son, the then Prince of Wales, acceded to the throne.

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